S.P. Sekwatlakwatla, and V. Malele,

“A Visual Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Cloud Computing Trac Flow Forecasting for a Digital Africa”,

Latin-American Journal of Computing (LAJC), vol. 12, no. 1, 2025.

A Visual Review and

Bibliometric Analysis of

Cloud Computing Trac

Flow Forecasting for a

Digital Africa

ARTICLE HISTORY

Received 30 June 2024

Accepted 23 September 2024

Sello Prince Sekwatlakwatla

Department of Computer Science and Information Systems

North-West University

Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

sek.prince@gmail.com

ORCID: 0009-0005-1931-5349

Vusumuzi Malele

Department of Computer Science and Information Systems

North-West University

Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

Vusi.Malele@nwu.ac.za

ORCID: 0000-0001-6803-9030

ISSN:1390-9266 e-ISSN:1390-9134 LAJC 2025

DOI:

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

10.5281/zenodo.14450498

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

A Visual Review and Bibliometric Analysis of

Cloud Computing Traffic Flow Forecasting for a

Digital Africa

Sello Prince Sekwatlakwatla

Department of Computer Science and Information Systems

North-West University

Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

sek.prince@gmail.com

ORCID: 0009-0005-1931-5349

Vusumuzi Malele

Department of Computer Science and Information Systems

North-West University

Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

Vusi.Malele@nwu.ac.za

ORCID: 0000-0001-6803-9030

Abstract—the use of cloud computing has grown globally in

recent years. When allocating resources, cloud resources and traffic

flow management need to be closely watched and controlled. This

paper conducted a bibliographic study based on the Scopus database

and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to

evaluate the adoption rate of resource management and traffic flow

forecasting in cloud computing in Africa. There is still uncertainty

about cloud computing adoption on the African continent. It is

difficult to say that 54 African countries are fully prepared to adopt

cloud computing. The growth of internet connectivity and potential

economic development in Africa are contributing to the rapid

growth of cloud computing. This technology enables individuals,

private companies and the government to access computing

resources and services remotely. It has the potential to significantly

impact the education, healthcare and economic sectors; however,

there are challenges such as limited infrastructure and data security

concerns in Africa. This study demonstrates the limitations of the

implementation of cloud computing in African countries such as

South Africa, Nigeria, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Uganda,

Kenya, Cameron, Egypt and Ghana. Only 18.5% of the continent is

researching the implementation of cloud computing, and the lack of

cloud implementation remains a persistent issue because of scarce

resources. However, Africa's adoption of cloud computing can be

increased through alternative solutions suggested in the study.

Keywords—Cloud Adoption, Traffic flow, and Africa

I. INTRODUCTION

The African cloud computing market attracts foreign

investors and has a penetration rate of 15% of cloud

computing resources and traffic. This rate will grow

significantly in the future. Cloud computing in African

markets is still in its early stages with South Africa displaying

the most activity. The private sector and businesses

established in South Africa, such as Internet Solutions are the

sources of demand. International suppliers compete with the

increasing number of submarine cables connecting continents

to high-speed internet. This growth is possible [1–3].

Cloud computing is becoming increasingly popular in

Africa with governments and private entities alike recognizing

the benefits and adopting cloud-based strategies [4]. As a

result of limited and uneven cloud service delivery

infrastructure development across the continent. African

businesses want to adopt this technology; however, some of

the African infrastructure challenges are signs of slowing

down and cloud adoption remains low.

African organizations faced challenges in adopting cloud

computing to reduce ICT costs, including user resistance,

human factors, support and funding [5]. The use of cloud

computing makes managing and maintaining ICT resources

easier and more efficient. The African cloud computing

market is gaining momentum due to the growing demand for

digital transformation and a shift towards cloud applications

across various industries and sectors [5–6].

In recent literature, African countries have been struggling

to adopt this technology. They are facing challenges such as

mimetic, coercive and normative. The implementation of

cloud computing is hampered by doubts about the

dependability of cloud service providers and a deficiency of

cloud computing expertise [7]. Together with government

regulations pertaining to cloud computing, cloud service

providers have also come under fire for providing insufficient

assistance and training [8]. A strong higher education system

boosts a nation's worldwide competitiveness, economic

power, social well-being and global leadership position. In

this regard, African countries to increase their adoption of

cloud computing a strong foundation of education in

universities must be laid on the African continent about cloud

computing [9-10].

The primary contribution of this paper is to identify

publishing trends in 54 African countries and propose a

strategy to encourage other countries to adopt cloud

computing technology. The rest of this article is divided into

related work, methods, results, discussion and

recommendation and conclusions.

II. R

ELATED WORK

There is still uncertainty about cloud computing adoption

on the African continent [11]. Africa is falling behind in cloud

technology adoption owing to poor broadband access and

expensive infrastructure. Better bandwidth must be made

available by service providers and the government in order to

overcome these obstacles, which could have a significant

positive impact on cloud computing in Africa [12]. Africa's

health industry is rapidly becoming digital, especially in the

area of medical data. By providing safe, on-site access to

patient information, medical data and health apps globally.

Cloud computing enables "accessibility without borders"

fostering interoperability and well-informed decision-making

[13].

ISSN:1390-9266 e-ISSN:1390-9134 LAJC 2025

DOI:

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

10.5281/zenodo.14450498

S.P. Sekwatlakwatla, and V. Malele,

“A Visual Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Cloud Computing Traffic Flow Forecasting for a Digital Africa”,

Latin-American Journal of Computing (LAJC), vol. 12, no. 1, 2025.

Most countries in Africa are ignoring this benefit due to

poor infrastructure and unaffordability. On the other hand,

political interference is also a major blockade to the

development of Africa [14]. To advance technology in Africa,

cloud adoption must be encouraged and authorized by African

regulators [14-15]. As African regimes become more

authoritarian, residents will become increasingly

disenfranchised from their leaders, resulting in political

instability and bloodshed[15].This will cause internal

displacement, increase external migration and impede social

and economic growth. In order to resolve these problems,

long-standing complaints and the cruel governance that

permeates Africa must be addressed.

In contrast, African states are trying to adopt the

technology. The usage of the internet in Africa has increased

significantly [16]. Table 1 shows the top twelve African

countries that are adopting the use of the internet. Morocco is

leading the internet usage with 91.7%, followed by Libya with

89.4%, the Seychelles with 87%, followed by Tunisia with

79.6%, Botswana with 77.3%, Mauritius with 75.5%, and the

internet usage in South Africa is 74.7%, followed by Gabon

with 73.7 %, Algeria with 72.9%, Egypt with 72.2 %, Cabo

Verde with 72.1 %, and Ghana with 69.8%, as shown in Table

I. Top twelve countries internet usage% in Africa.

TABLE I. TOP TWELVE COUNTRIES OF INTERNET USAGE IN AFRICA

Numbering

Top twelve countries internet usage% in Africa

Country Name

Usage (%)

1 Morocco 91.7

2 Libya 89.4

3 Seychelles 87.7

4 Tunisia 79.6

5 Botswana 77.3

6 Maurituis 75.5

7 South africa 74.7

8 Gabon 73.7

9 Algeria 72.9

10 Egypt 72.2

11 Cabo verde 72.1

12 Ghana 69.8

It is difficult to say that 54 African countries are fully

prepared to adopt cloud computing.

Fig. 1. Submarine cable network[17]

However, the arrival of several international submarine

cables on the African continent (see Figure 1), has

significantly increased international bandwidth capacity,

which indicates an opportunity for investors to invest in cloud

computing on the continent [17].

Cloud computing will make large scale genomic data

analysis and storage more scalable and affordable on the

African continent as cloud computing becomes more

prevalent. The privacy and security concerns regarding human

data must be addressed in accordance with African regulations

[18].

Kenya is creating data security and privacy regulations,

including a bill that allows cloud firms to handle personal data

[19].

It is also critical to address a server placement, foster cloud

computing confidence, and make investments in terrestrial

broadband backbone networks. Additionally, the government

has declared cable damage to be an economic crime

punishable by severe fines [19-20].

Improved infrastructure and pricing are driving South

Africa's cloud computing service expansion, innovation may

be increased by addressing regulatory issues and encouraging

cloud services in e-government and education [21]. Closing

legislative gaps in cybersecurity, data privacy and data can

boost offshore markets, increase consumer confidence in

cloud services and spur economic development [22]. It is

equally significant to pass laws pertaining to data security and

privacy and to develop local expertise in advanced

technologies, such as cloud computing.

There is no doubt that cloud computing can reduce costs

and improve services exactly what Africans need right now

[23]. By lowering capital costs, enhancing service delivery,

boosting transparency and assisting small and midsize

enterprises (SMEs) in IT procurement. The Nigerian

government's implementation of a cloud computing strategy

would boost the country's economy and create employment

[24].

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): During the

pandemic, educational institutions logically adopted cloud

computing to enhance academic performance, despite the

secondary focus was not on secure services[25]. Cloud

computing adoption in Ghana was proposed using partial least

ISSN:1390-9266 e-ISSN:1390-9134 LAJC 2025

DOI:

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

10.5281/zenodo.14450498

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

squares structural equation modelling, the study reveals that

institutional pressures, including mimetic, coercive and

normative, account for 27% of cloud computing adoption

variance, highlighting its adoption in low-adoption

environments [25] .Other studies found that trust perception

did not significantly impact the onboarding of cloud

computing in North-Eastern Nigerian academic libraries [26].

Ghana's internet connection puts the country in a good

position to progress in cloud computing, but adoption and

knowledge remain poor [27]. Unlike other industries like

banking, telecommunication, media and education, the

industry is still in its infancy and lacks a single front and clear

guidance from a unified entity. While educational societies in

Sub-Saharan Africa have built their own private cloud

computing infrastructure, universities are working with public

cloud service providers such as Microsoft, Cisco and Amazon

Web Services [27]. These universities play a critical role in

the development of countries and to increase cloud computing

adoption, it should be the subject in all areas of courses, no

matter what career students are pursuing.

Web-based services were given a two-model modification

to determine cloud computing adoption, the model increased

adoption with 73% of the variance and determinants related to

this adoption [28]. In Africa,

Cloud service providers face

reliability concerns, a lack of skills, inadequate support and

government policies hindering adoption due to concerns about

reliability, skills, and training [29].

Digital legacy in trade-dependent countries results in

export-oriented firms investing in traditional digital assets.

Large service sectors have high Cloud Computing adoption

but low growth rates [30]. Implementing cloud computing in

higher education faces significant challenges due to data risk,

privacy, government regulation, peer pressure, data security

and management factors [31]. Cloud Computing in Resource-

Constrained Environments to facilitate e-Government

Services in Ethiopia recommends the enhanced Framework

for Cloud Computing adoption in Ethiopia's WoredaNet

context [32]. There are more benefits to adopting cloud

computing in Ethiopia's public sector than in private

institutions [32]. Ethiopian companies find it difficult to use

cloud computing because they do not trust international

suppliers, mostly because they are worried about privacy and

data security [33].

Ethiopia must embrace cloud computing if it wants to

succeed in a digitalized, knowledge-based economy. The

Ethiopian government should implement new regulations that

support cloud computing and its effects on security, secrecy

and protection of personal data in order to facilitate its growth.

Programs for training businesses to implement cloud

computing might also assist in addressing issues.

Fig. 2. Proposed model

III. METHODS

Figure 2 shows the research process and steps, which are

grouped into three categories: research process, research

material, justification, and recommendations.

A. Research Process

Identify databases – A literature search was conducted in

two databases: the Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering (IEEE) and Scopus for literature related to cloud

computing adoption in Africa.

Describe research questions – The research focuses on the

challenges faced in Africa in implementing cloud computing,

using specific research questions to guide the study.

What are cloud computing adoption challenges in Africa?

Search criteria: The search criteria explore English-written

articles published between 2019 and 2023.

B. Research Material & justification

Research extraction- articles were filtered according to

research question and search criteria. The data extracted was

analyzed thematically.

Validate the findings-The research output was validated using

two databases.

C. Dataset

This study included only English-language original articles

and reviews published between January 1, 2019 and

December 26, 2023, by 6213 authors and 278 sources.

IV. R

ESULTS

A. Bibliometric analysis review

Using a bibliometric analysis review of the cloud computing

traffic flow forecasting for Africa, the results showed that

South Africa and developing countries were most cited and

are contributing to the implementation of cloud computing in

Africa.

ISSN:1390-9266 e-ISSN:1390-9134 LAJC 2025

DOI:

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

10.5281/zenodo.14450498

S.P. Sekwatlakwatla, and V. Malele,

“A Visual Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Cloud Computing Traffic Flow Forecasting for a Digital Africa”,

Latin-American Journal of Computing (LAJC), vol. 12, no. 1, 2025.

Fig. 3. Analysis review

Remote sensing, distributed computer systems and

information management are some of the tools and

techniques highlighted in these results (see Figure 3).

B. Adoption strategy

Fig. 4. Adoption strategy

To accelerate the implementation of cloud computing in

Africa, it is very critical that the continent have a stable

internet connection. The resources to adopt the internet in

Africa are slowly covering the African region, for example.

Several international submarine cables landed on the African

continent (see Figure 1).To support Africa, however Africa

needs supply chain management, cloud computing resources

(such as skills, etc.), enterprise resource planning and

distributed computer systems also local infrastructure to

support the adoption of cloud computing (see Figure 4).

C. African Corresponding author’s countries

Fig. 5. African Corresponding author’s countries

Using a bibliometric analysis review, the results indicate

that there is research about the adoption of cloud computing

in African countries such as South Africa, Nigeria, Namibia,

Botswana, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Kenya, Cameron, Egypt, and

Ghana. Only 10 countries are significantly contributing to the

continent's research on the adoption of cloud computing (see

figure 5).

As it can be seen in Figure 5, the most publication affiliations

are from South Africa (41%), followed by Nigeria (5%), and

Chana (2%). The following section investigates the top five

affiliations that are publishing the most articles from three

countries, which are South Africa, Nigeria, and Chana.

Table 1 shows the top five affiliations in South Africa. The

University of Cape Town is leading with 20% of published

documents, followed by the University of the Western Cape

with 14%, the University of Pretoria with 11%, the University

of Johannesburg with 10%, and the University of South

Africa with 9% of cloud computing published documents.

TABLE II. TOP FIVE AFFILIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Numbering

Top Five Affiliation in South Africa

Affiliation Name

Number of

Documents (%)

1 University of Cape Town 20

2 University of the Western Cape 14

3 University of Pretoria 11

4 University of Johannesburg 10

5 University of South Africa 9

The top five affiliations in Nigeria are displayed in Table

II. With 4% of cloud computing-published documents,

Covenant University leads the field, followed by the Federal

Ministry of Health (1%), the University of Ibadan (2%), the

University of Nigeria (3%), and the University of Ilorin (3%).

TABLE III. TOP FIVE AFFILIATION IN NEGERIA

ISSN:1390-9266 e-ISSN:1390-9134 LAJC 2025

DOI:

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

10.5281/zenodo.14450498

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

Numbering

Top Five Affiliation in Nigeria

Affiliation Name

Number of

Documents (%)

1 Covenant University 4

2 University of Ilorin 3

3 University of Nigeria 3

4 University of Ibadan 2

5 Federal Ministry of Health 1

Table III shows the top five affiliations in Ghana. The

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology is

leading with 3% of published documents, followed by the

University of the Cape Coast Ghana with 2%, the University

of Ghana with 2%, the Ashesi University with 1%, and the

Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration

with 1% of cloud computing published documents.

TABLE IV. TOP FIVE AFFILIATION IN GHANA

Numbering

Top Five Affiliation in Ghana

Affiliation Name

Number of

Documents (%)

Kwame Nkrumah University of

Science & Technology

2 University of Cape Coast Ghana 2

3 University of Ghana 2

4 Ashesi University 1

Ghana Institute of Management

and Public Administration

D. World collaboration with Africa

Fig. 6. World collaboration with Africa

Cloud computing is being adopted by a few African

countries. In this regard, there is a slow cooperation with the

developing countries (see Figure 6).

V. D

ISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Developing countries are supporting Africa by bringing

technology to the continent, for example, international

submarine cables on the African continent, according to this

paper. It is hard to state that 54 African countries are fully

prepared to adopt cloud computing. Only 10 countries on the

continent are researching the implementation of cloud

computing. The first recommendation is awareness of cloud

computing adoption; it would be easy to implement and carry

out awareness and discussion inside higher education

institutions. The African government and private sector must

invest in teaching and learning about cloud computing to

create the required expertise to implement cloud computing.

The second recommendation is collaboration; 18.5 percent of

countries must inspire and support other African countries to

adopt the change and implement cloud computing. There is

also a need for Africa to adopt supply chain management,

cloud computing resources (such as skills, etc.), enterprise

resource planning, distributed computer systems, and local

infrastructure to support the onboarding of cloud computing.

VI. C

ONCLUSION

The growth of internet connectivity and potential

economic development in Africa are contributing to the rapid

growth of cloud computing. Cloud computing enables

individuals, private companies and the government to access

computing resources and services remotely. It has the

potential to significantly impact the education, healthcare, and

economic sectors; however, there are challenges such as

limited infrastructure and data security concerns.

This paper uses a bibliometric analysis of cloud computing

traffic flow forecasting for a digital Africa. There is still

uncertainty about cloud computing on the African continent.

It is challenging to assert that all 54 African countries are fully

prepared to implement cloud computing. The results indicate

that there is research about the adoption of cloud computing

in African countries such as South Africa, Nigeria, Namibia,

Botswana, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Kenya, Cameron, Egypt, and

Ghana. Only 18.5% of the continent is researching the

adoption of cloud computing.

African nations encourage and help other African

countries in adopting and implementing cloud computing.

They may also begin at the educational institution, where they

can teach our future leaders. This will make it simpler for the

emerging nations to approach other non-participating African

nations later on. In order to facilitate the implementation of

cloud computing, Africa must also implement supply chain

management, distributed computer systems, corporate

resource planning, cloud computing resources (such as talents,

etc.), and local infrastructure.

Since only the IEEE Xplore and Scopus databases were

used in this report, other research databases will be included

in the future to broaden the scope of this investigation.

Researchers in the future will be able to analyze the data using

bibliometric programs such as VOSviewer and Bibexcel. The

findings might not be representative of all research on a visual

review and bibliometric analysis of cloud computing traffic

flow forecasting for a digital Africa. To examine additional

studies, future research will require a more thorough search

that encompasses all papers.

UTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

The authors acknowledge that this article was written as part

of the outcomes produced while studying for a Ph.D. in

computer science and information systems. After consulting

with their supervisors, Ph.D. students elaborated the original

draft of this work. In this study, they conceptualized the

methodology, collected the data, set up the experimental

platform, conducted bibliometric analysis of cloud computing

traffic flow forecasting for a digital Africa, and analyzed the

ISSN:1390-9266 e-ISSN:1390-9134 LAJC 2025

DOI:

LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

10.5281/zenodo.14450498

S.P. Sekwatlakwatla, and V. Malele,

“A Visual Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Cloud Computing Traffic Flow Forecasting for a Digital Africa”,

Latin-American Journal of Computing (LAJC), vol. 12, no. 1, 2025.

findings. Besides this, there are no conflicts of interest

reported by any of the authors.

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LATIN-AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING (LAJC), Vol XII, Issue 1, January 2025

AUTHORS

A registered PHD student at North West University with over 14 years

of IT experience, Sello has expertise in Integration Management,

System Implementation, and System Release Management.

A senior researcher and Postgraduate supervisor at North West

University. An experienced engineer, teacher, research professional

and manager with more than 25 years of experience in the ICT industry.

Sello Prince Sekwatlakwatla

Vusumuzi Malele

S.P. Sekwatlakwatla, and V. Malele,

“A Visual Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Cloud Computing Trac Flow Forecasting for a Digital Africa”,

Latin-American Journal of Computing (LAJC), vol. 12, no. 1, 2025.