Diseño e implementación de una red inalámbrica de sensores con tecnología LoRa para monitoreo industrial
Palabras clave:
LoRa, LoRaWAN, IoT, Industry 4.0Resumen
El creciente desarrollo del Internet de las Cosas (IoT, Internet of Things) ha diversificado sus campos de aplicación, mejorando no solo la interconexión de personas, sino también, la comunicación entre maquinaria industrial (M2M, Machine-to-Machine), en las que sus características en alcance, escalabilidad y bajo costo de despliegue, pueden ser aprovechadas. Las tecnologías LoRa y LoRaWAN se muestran como una de las principales opciones de comunicación inalámbrica de bajo costo en la integración de sistemas industriales con mira a los nuevos requerimientos de la Industria 4.0. En este trabajo se realizó una campaña de mediciones y el análisis de los datos obtenidos, para evaluar el comportamiento y la aplicabilidad de las tecnologías LoRa y LoRaWAN dentro de ambientes industriales. Para contrastar los resultados, se realizaron pruebas en ambientes urbanos despejados, donde se observó que las condiciones dentro de las naves industriales, permiten establecer un enlace con condiciones de radio frecuencia favorables. Inicialmente se han considerado escenarios de corto alcance (<100 m) en los que se mantiene una línea de vista entre el transmisor y el receptor.
Descargas
Referencias
V. Gungor and G. Hancke, “Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges, Design Principles, and Technical Approaches,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 4258–4265, Oct. 2009. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4796311/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
L. Li, J. Ren, and Q. Zhu, “On the application of LoRa LPWAN technology in Sailing Monitoring System,” in 2017 13th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS). Jackson, WY, USA: IEEE, Feb. 2017, pp. 77–80. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7888762/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
I. F. Akyildiz and M. C. Vuran, Wireless sensor networks, ser. Ian F. Akyildiz series in communications and networking. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010, oCLC: ocn564132645.
T. Lennvall, S. Svensson, and F. Hekland, “A comparison of WirelessHART and ZigBee for industrial applications,” in 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems. Dresden, Germany: IEEE, May 2008, pp. 85–88. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4638746/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
S. Lin, J. Liu, and Y. Fang, “ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Applications in Industrial,” in 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. Jinan, China: IEEE, Aug. 2007, pp. 1979–1983. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4338898/[Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
S. Devalal and A. Karthikeyan, “LoRa Technology - An Overview,” in 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). Coimbatore: IEEE, Mar. 2018, pp. 284–290. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8474715/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020]
M. Rizzi, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, E. Sisinni, and M. Gidlund, “Using LoRa for industrial wireless networks,” in 2017 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). Trondheim, Norway: IEEE, May 2017, pp. 1–4. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7991972/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
L. Leonardi, F. Battaglia, G. Patti, and L. L. Bello, “Industrial LoRa: A Novel Medium Access Strategy for LoRa in Industry 4.0 Applications,” in IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Washington, DC: IEEE, Oct. 2018, pp. 4141–4146. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8591568/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
V. J. Hodge, S. O’Keefe, M. Weeks, and A. Moulds, “Wireless Sensor Networks for Condition Monitoring in the Railway Industry: A Survey,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1088–1106, Jun. 2015. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6963375/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
U. Raza, P. Kulkarni, and M. Sooriyabandara, “Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 855–873, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7815384/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
M. Aref and A. Sikora, “Free space range measurements with semtech lora™ technology,” in 2014 2nd International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems, 2014, pp. 19–23.
S. Daud, T. S. Yang, M. A. Romli, Z. A. Ahmad, N. Mahrom, and R. A. A. Raof, “Performance Evaluation of Low Cost LoRa Modules in IoT Applications,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 318, p. 012053, Mar. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757899X/318/1/012053 [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
LoRa-Alliance, “About LoRaWAN® | LoRa Alliance®,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://lora-alliance.org/about-lorawan [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
R. F. A. M. Nor, F. H. K. Zaman, and S. Mubdi, “Smart traffic light for congestion monitoring using LoRaWAN,” in 2017 IEEE 8th Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC). SHAH ALAM, Malaysia: IEEE, Aug. 2017, pp. 132–137. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8070582/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
F. Adelantado, X. Vilajosana, P. TusetPeiro, B. Martinez, J. Melia- Segui, and T. Watteyne, “Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 34–40, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8030482/
L. Casals, B. Mir, R. Vidal, and C. Gomez, “Modeling the Energy Performance of LoRaWAN,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 2364, Oct. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2364 [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
S.-I. Toc and A. Korodi, “Modbus-OPC UA Wrapper Using Node-RED and IoT-2040 with Application in the Water Industry,” in 2018 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY). Subotica: IEEE, Sep. 2018, pp. 000 099–000 104. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8524749/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
K. Al Agha, M.-H. Bertin, T. Dang, A. Guitton, P. Minet, T. Val, and J.-B. Viollet, “Which Wireless Technology for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks? The Development of OCARI Technology,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 4266–4278, Oct. 2009. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5173521/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
L. Tessaro, C. Raffaldi, M. Rossi, and D. Brunelli, “LoRa Performance in Short Range Industrial Applications,” in 2018 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM). Amalfi: IEEE, Jun. 2018, pp. 1089–1094. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8445392/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
F. Gui, Y. Yin, and A. Lu, “Research on ship wireless communication technology based on lora,” in 2018 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Confe- rence (IMCEC), 2018, pp. 976–979.
A. Nessa, F. Hussain, and X. Fernando, “Adaptive latency reduction in lora for mission critical communications in mines,” in 2020 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), 2020, pp. 1–7.
P. Branch and T. Cricenti, “A lora relay based system for detonating ex- plosives in underground mines,” in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2020, pp. 259–264.
M. O. Farooq and D. Pesch, “Analyzing lora: A use case perspective,” in 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WFIoT). IEEE, 2018, pp. 355–360.
A. Lavric and V. Popa, “Internet of things and lora™ low-power wide- area networks: a survey,” in 2017 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS). IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–5.
R. S. Sinha, Y. Wei, and S.-H. Hwang, “A survey on lpwa technology: Lora and nbiot,”
Ict Express, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 14–21, 2017.
T. Bouguera, J.-F. Diouris, J.-J. Chaillout, R. Jaouadi, and G. Andrieux, “Energy consumption model for sensor nodes based on lora and lora- wan,” Sensors, vol. 18, no. 7, p. 2104, 2018.
L. Casals, B. Mir, R. Vidal, and C. Gomez, “Modeling the energy performance of lorawan,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 2364, 2017.
A. Augustin, J. Yi, T. Clausen, and W. M. Townsley, “A study of lora: Long range & low power networks for the internet of things,” Sensors, vol. 16, no. 9, p. 1466, 2016.
J. de Carvalho Silva, J. J. Rodrigues, A. M. Alberti, P. Solic, and A. L. Aquino, “Lorawan—a low power wan protocol for internet of things: A review and opportunities,” in 2017 2nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech). IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–6.
P. San Cheong, J. Bergs, C. Hawinkel, and J. Famaey, “Comparison of lorawan classes and their power consumption,” in 2017 IEEE symposium on communications and vehicular technology (SCVT). IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–6.
H. Automation, “WIFI LoRa 32 (V2).” [Online]. Available: https://heltec.org/project/wifi-lora-32/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
F. R. Pi, “Raspberry Pi 3 Model B –Raspberry Pi.” [Online]. Available: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberrypi-3-model-b/ [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
“Cayenne Docs.” [Online]. Available: https://developers.mydevices.com/cayenne/docs/lora/lora-cayennelow-power-payload
V. Cola, “vpcola/ESP32SingleChannelGateway,” Sep. 2020, original-date: 2018-03-03T06:38:08Z. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/vpcola/ESP32SingleChannelGateway [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
“SX1278 | 137MHz to 525MHz Long Range Low Power Transceiver | Semtech.” [Online]. Available: https://www.semtech.com/products/wireless-rf/loratransceivers/sx1278 [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
C. L. Carrión, “Evaluación del rango de transmisión de LoRa para redes de sensores inalámbricos con LoRaWAN en ambientes urbanos,” Tesis de grado, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador, 2018. [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
P. Avila, “Evaluación del Rango de Transmisión de LoRa para Redes de Sensores Inalámbricas con LoRaWAN en Ambientes Forestales,” Tesis de grado, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador, 2017. [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
Y. Ai, M. Cheffena, and Q. Li, “Radio frequency measurements and capacity analysis for industrial indoor environments,” in 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2015, pp. 1–5. [Accessed: Oct.22, 2020].
K. Staniec and M. Kowal, “LoRa Performance under Variable Interference and Heavy-Multipath Conditions,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2018, Article ID 6931083, Apr. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6931083
B. Sklar, “Rayleigh fading channels in mobile digital communication systems. i. characterization,” IEEE Communications magazine, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 90–100, 1997.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Aviso de derechos de autor/a
Los autores/as que publiquen en esta revista aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y ceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, con el trabajo registrado con la Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share-Alike 4.0 International, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista.
- Los autores pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores a compartir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo: en repositorios institucionales o páginas web personales) antes y durante el proceso de envío del manuscrito, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos, a una mayor y más rápida citación del trabajo publicado.
Descargo de Responsabilidad
LAJC en ningún caso será responsable de cualquier reclamo directo, indirecto, incidental, punitivo o consecuente de infracción de derechos de autor relacionado con artículos que han sido presentados para evaluación o publicados en cualquier número de esta revista. Más Información en nuestro Aviso de Descargo de Responsabilidad.
